Bending Adversity: Japan and the Art of Survival Page 47
‘road tribe’ 145–6
life expectancy 160–61, 162, 330–31n14
Little Boy exhibition 250
living standards/per capita income xxxiii, 95, 103, 113, 116, 117, 119–20, 122–3, 175, 178, 270, 309, 317, 342nn36–37
LNG xx
Lockheed 137
MacArthur, Douglas 32–3, 74, 80, 81, 222–3
McCarthy, Cormac: The Road 22
McCormack, Gavan 46, 47
McDonald’s 309
Macfarlane, Alan 42–3, 44, 45
Japan Through the Looking Glass 42, 45
Magnus, George 161, 162
maid cafés 194
Makihara, Minoru 271
Malaysia 69, 73, 83
Malraux, André 63
Manchukuo 70
Manchuria
Chinese invasion by 63
and Japan: 1905 invasion 68; 1931 invasion 73, 228; and the South Manchurian Railway 335n11
Manila massacre 228–9
manufacturing industry xxi, 36, 47, 148, 166, 169–73, 270–71, 285 see also specific industries
marriage 162, 164, 181, 193, 205, 207, 209–10, 211, 213, 290–91, 334n15
and divorce 211–12, 334n12
Marubeni 305
Marxism 72, 230, 237–8 see also communism
Matsumaru, Kazue 83
Matsumoto, Chizuo 108
Matsumoto, Hisashi 240
Matsumoto, Ryu 282–3
Matsushita 91, 100
Matsutani, Mitsuko 16
medical care 146, 161
nursing 166–7
Meiji Restoration 50, 56–7, 59, 66–7, 71, 73, 141, 150, 247, 303
fukoku kyohei (‘rich country, strong army’) 85, 316
Melville, Herman 60
merit pay 89, 155
Merkel, Angela 260
methane 305
Midway, battle of 74
Mihama nuclear power plant 267
Mihashi, Kaori 204
Mikitani, Hiroshi 167, 273
militarism, Japanese 70, 73, 80, 85, 87, 239, 244, 316
and Asian relations 220, 221, 223, 230; and the legacy of war 219–35
‘comfort women’ used by military 230, 243
and Japanese identity 223
Japanese objections to term ‘aggression’ 228, 230–31
and Japanese pacifist self-image 220, 224–5, 228, 230–31
as response to the West 39, 59, 69, 73–4
and war apologies 221–2, 235, 313
Yomiuri investigation of Japan’s war record 233
Minami, Ryo 305
Minamisanriku 14
Ministry of Finance 123, 128, 142, 145
Ministry of Trade and Industry (MITI) 86–8, 90, 94
Mitchell, David xxx
MITI (Ministry of Trade and Industry) 86–8, 90, 94
Mitsubishi Corporation 110, 271
Miura, Atsushi: Lower Class Society 155
Miura, Toshiaki 233–4, 283, 286
Miyachi, Masato 72
Miyake, Issey 90
Miyamoto, Yoshinaga 139
Mongols 32, 51
Monju fast-breeder reactor 266
monozukuri 170, 174
Moody’s Investors Service 123, 124
Moon, Sun Myung, Unification Church 109
Mori, Joji: The Shell-less Egg 36
Mori, Motonari 307
Mori, Yoshiro 133
Mori Building Company 235
Morita, Akio 88–9, 90, 171
Morita, Minoru 95, 154
Morozumi, Yoshihiko 88
Murakami, Haruki xxii, xxiv, xxxiii, 51, 104–7, 109–10, 183–4
After the Quake 106–8
Underground 109, 183
Murakami, Takashi 250
Murakami, Yoko 106
Nadeshiko (women’s soccer team) 206–7
Nagano 148
Nagaoka Clan 136
Nagasaki 61, 70, 79, 224
Nagoya 79
Nakahara, Kaori 214–15
Nakasone, Yasuhiro 102, 156–7, 225–6, 272
Nakayama, Nariaki 243
Nanjing/Nanking 58
massacre 78, 228–9, 230, 237
Nara, Yoshitomo 246
Narita divorce 212
Nathan, John 89
Nehru, Jawaharlal 70
Netherlands see Holland/the Dutch
New York Times 174
NHK 273
Nichicon 168, 169
Nihombashi 88
Niigata earthquake 266, 267
Niinami, Takeshi 309
Nikkei stock average 100, 117–18, 325n1
Nikon 86
Nippon Electric Company 90
Nippon Steel 90
Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation 101
Nishida, Mrs xxiii
Nissan 87
Nixon, Richard 253
Noda, Yoshihiko 128, 283, 320n5
Nogi, Maresuke 71
Norway 120
Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency 265, 274
nuclear crisis at Fukushima see Fukushima Daiichi nuclear crisis
nuclear power and industry 200–201, 262–9
accidents/incidents: Chernobyl 260, 265, 275–6; Fukushima see Fukushima Daiichi nuclear crisis; Kashiwazaki-Kariwa 266, 267; Mihama 267; Tokai 266–7
after Fukushima 269–74
anti-nuclear popular sentiment 273–8, 304–5
cost of nuclear energy production 271–2
economics of using and abandoning nuclear power 270–72
energy compensation for abandoning 271
faking of safety data 266–7
and the ‘nuclear village’ 264–9, 272, 274, 277–8
phasing out policy 274
regulation 265, 266–7, 274
safety myth 266
subsidies 271, 274
Yoyogi Park protest 273
Nuremberg 225
nursing 166–7
Obama, Barack 35, 316
Obuchi, Keizo 123
Odaka 257–9
Oe, Kenzaburo xxvi, 109, 248, 273
Ofunato 19–20, 21–4, 291–5
Ogata, Sadako 78, 138
Ogata, Shijuro 19, 77–9, 81–2, 83–4, 104, 283
Ogata, Taketora 78, 80–81
Ohara, Ichizo 65, 136, 137
Oi nuclear power plant 269
oil 73, 94, 104, 252, 271
Oita 287
Okakura, Kakuzo: The Book of Tea 52, 68
Okamoto, Yukio 270
Okazaki, Hisahiko 237–9, 245
Okinawa 49, 60, 247–8
battle of 74, 79, 248
US bases on 247, 248–9, 250–51
Okita, Saburo 84
‘Old Mother Green Tea’ 62
Olympic Games, Tokyo
1964 264
2020 317
Omi, Koji 128, 144
Onamazu 5
Onda, Katsunobu 266
Onishi, Norimitsu 265
Ono, Taiichi 36–7
Onodera, Itsunori 312–13
Onoue, Nui 99, 100
OPEC oil embargo 94
Opium War, first 57, 66
Osaka 79, 86, 92, 99, 198
Osawa, Machiko 210
Oshima, Kenichi 271–2
Osho (Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh) 109
Ota, Masahide 248
Oyama, Yoshimori 295–6
Ozu, Yasujiro: Tokyo Story 95
Pacific Campaign see World War II: Japan, the Pacific Campaign and
Pacific Ring of Fire 6
pacifism 55, 80, 85, 220, 224–5, 228, 230–31, 241, 242, 313–14
Pakistan 168
Panasonic 100, 167, 170–71
Paris Peace Conference (1919) 69
Park Geun-hye 206
Patrick, Hugh 165
pay 90, 93, 118, 127, 155, 166, 186, 213, 307, 309
discrimination against women 164–5, 205, 213
merit 89, 155
seniority 47, 48, 164
Peace Boat group 285
Peace Preservation Law 72
Pearl Harbor 73–4, 78
pensions 146, 161, 162–3, 331n19
per capita income see living standards/per capita income
Peres, Shimon 51
Perry, Matthew 61, 64, 66
Black Ships of 64, 238, 303
Pearl Harbor attack as Japanese revenge for 74
Philippines 57, 73, 119, 166, 167, 205, 219
Pitsuwan, Surin 313
PLA Daily 312
poetry 63, 74
haiku 45–6, 63
political disenchantment 279–89
population of Japan 119, 160–61, 168
pornography 194
Port Arthur 70
Portuguese 59–60
post office privatization 139, 148, 149–53, 158–9
Potsdam Declaration 252
Powell, Colin 196
Prestowitz, Clyde 97
prisoners of war 228–9
prisons 122, 227
productivity xxx, 36, 90, 96, 120, 145, 164, 179, 307, 310, 331n25
property
housing see housing
prices 100–101, 102, 103
speculation 100, 102
prostitution 83–4
and ‘comfort women’ used by military 230, 243
and kabuki 68
public expenditure 145
public works 103, 127, 145–6, 148, 151, 155–6, 328n26
Pyle, Kenneth 56, 234
Qatar 82
Rajneesh, Bhagwan Shree 109
Rakuten 167, 273
rangaku-sha (scholars of western learning) 62
rape 78, 211, 229, 230, 248–9
gang 211
by US servicemen on Okinawa 248–9
Reagan, Ronald 97
recession
British 128
Japanese xxvi, 72, 103, 114, 120, 126, 128, 131, 183
US 102
Red Purge 81, 85
Reischauer, Edwin 116
renewable energy 271, 272–3
resilience xx, xxvii, xxxii, xxxiii, 300, 305
Resona bank 143, 328n22
retirement age 163, 164
revisionists
and educational propaganda 230–33
and the Japanese economy 96–7
and school textbooks 230–31, 232–3
and World War II 225–9
rice riots 72
Rikuzentakata 3–5, 293, 294, 295–301
2011 earthquake 5, 6–7
Capital Hotel 4, 5, 7, 12, 25, 26, 295–6
Fumonji temple 27, 297–8
gymnasium 10–11
pines 3–4, 11, 26–8; Lone Pine (ippon matsu) 12, 299–301
reconstruction money 298
Takata Elementary School 10
Takata High School 10
tsunami of 1960 296
tsunami of 2011 xxxii, 7–12, 24–5, 293, 294, 296–9; clean-up operation 25–6, 296; commemoration of the dead 27–8; the dead and missing 10–11, 12, 20, 21, 27, 296, 297; government compensation 297; rebuilding 298–9
tsunamis in history 3
riots 72
robots 94
Rockefeller, Nelson 177
Rogoff, Kenneth 177
Romney, Mitt 35, 127
Ronald Reagan, USS 258
Russia 125, 167, 312
Cold War see Cold War
and Japan 312, 330–31n14, 335n11, 337n24, 341n16; Russo-Japanese war 64, 68, 70, 228
Ryukyu kingdom 49, 247 see also Okinawa
Saipan 74
Saito, Yosuke 260
Sakaguchi, Chikara 160
sake 25, 46, 148, 222, 299
salaries see pay
Samsung 167, 170, 172, 173
samurai 37, 43, 50, 59, 61, 63, 71, 150
bushido (samurai code) 38–9, 138
Fukuzawa xxx, 63–6
‘samurai with a quiff’ see Koizumi, Junichiro
San Francisco 65
Peace Treaty (1951) 252
Sansom, George 58
Sapporo Snow Festival 239, 240
sarin 108–9
Sasaki, Kazuyoshi 4–5, 7, 9, 11, 12, 26–8, 295, 297–8, 299, 300
Sasaki, Miwako 11
Sato, Seizaburo 290–93
Satsuma 247
savings 163
cash hoarding 114–15
science, western 61, 62–3, 65, 85
vs Chinese 62–3
Scientology, Church of 109
Seike, Atsushi 164, 166, 331n27
Sekigahara, battle of 59
Self Defence Forces 194, 197, 239–42, 282, 286
Air 242
Maritime 241
Sendai 290, 294
Sengoku, Yoshito 271
seniority pay 47, 48, 164
Senkaku islands 251–3, 311–13, 316
Senoue, Toshiki 15, 20, 21, 25, 28, 175, 289
Seoul 221
service industry 170, 331n25
workers 166
sex industry 194, 215 see also prostitution
shares 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 118, 130, 142, 143, 307, 308 see also stock market, Japan
Sharp 171–2, 173
Shenzhen 235
Shikibu, Murasaki: The Tale of Genji 208
Shikoku 35, 252
Shimizu, Masataka 18, 267, 268
Shimizu, Yukio 5
Shimodate, Hiromi 23–4, 293–5
Shimotsubo, Kumiko 180–83
Shinkansen bullet train 94
Shinto xxvii, 5–6, 33, 46–7, 226
shipbuilding industry 86
Shirahase, Sawako 283–4
shopping coupons 103
Shotoku, Prince 58
Showa era 141
end of 104
shushoku katsudo (graduate screening/mass hiring) 180–81, 192
Singapore 73, 82, 83
single mothers 213
Social Darwinism 67
social equality see equality/inequality
Social Masses Party 73
social welfare 212, 213, 327n40
Softbank 173, 272–3, 311
solar power 272–3
Son, Masayoshi 173, 272–3, 311
Sony 88–90, 167, 170–72, 173, 271
Soros, George 98
South Korea 129, 162, 205, 206
and Japan xxx, 83, 129, 252, 323n9, 337n24, 342n37; and Abe 312; co-hosting of 2002 World Cup 231; and ‘comfort women’ 243; continuing hatred of Japanese 219; electronics industry 167, 170, 172; Seoul demonstration at Koizumi’s Yasukuni pilgrimage 221; trade 172
Speed (film) 176
Sprint Nextel 311
Standard & Poor’s 123
state identification system 288
state pensions 146, 161, 162–3, 329n19
steel industry 86–7, 144
stock market, Japan 114, 115, 117–18, 143, 307, 308 see also shares
crash 100, 118, 141
Nikkei stock average 100, 117–18, 325n1
Stringer, Sir Howard 170, 171
suffrage 72
Sug
imoto, Yoshio xxviii, 50, 122, 197
Sugita, Gempaku 62
suicides 192, 248
Sulzberger Ice Shelf 8
Sumitomo Chemical 90
sumo 45, 51
Sun Yat-sen 70
Susquehanna, USS 66
Suzuki, Yoshihiko 151, 152
Switzerland xx–xxi
Tafel Anatomia 62
Tahara, Sochiro 134
Taisho, emperor of Japan 71
Taisho era 71–2
Taiwan 68, 83, 252, 342n37
Takahashi, Kageyasu 61
Takamura, Kotaro 74
Takashi, Yoshiaki 288
Takato, Nahoko 194
Takeda, Ippei 158, 168–9, 178
Takenaka, Heizo 134, 135, 138, 140, 141–4, 147
Tanaka, Kakuei 137
Tanaka, Makiko 135, 328n6
Tanaka, Naoki 56–7
Tanaka, Yasuo 146
Tanaka, Yoshikazu 170
Tanigaki, Sadakazu 282
tansu savings 114
Tase, Yasuhiro 137–8
Tasker, Peter 124–5
taxes 127, 128, 146
sales tax increases 283
Taya, Teizo 326n11
tea ceremonies xxiii
Tepco (Tokyo Electric Power Company) 14–15, 17–18, 19, 262–4, 282
contract worker use at Fukushima 265–6
faking of safety data 266–7
lack of transparency over Fukushima 267, 268
nationalization of 274
and the parliamentary enquiry 261, 266
terrorism 104, 108–9, 189, 195
Thatcher, Margaret 141
toads 99–100
Toba, Futoshi 10, 28, 300
Toba, Taiga 10
Tohoku xx, 19–20, 25–8, 34, 283, 286, 304
Tojo, Hideki 81, 225–8, 229
Tojo, Yuko 225, 226–9
Tokai nuclear power plant 18, 266–7
Tokugawa shogunate 59–60, 61–2, 63
Iemitsu Tokugawa 60
Ieyasu Tokugawa 59
Yoshimune Tokugawa 61–2
Tokyo xxv–xxvi, xxix, 55, 105
1923 earthquake 72, 77, 304
2011 earthquake 7, 13, 15–17, 18–19, 25
ancient Edo 59, 62
Chateau Joel Robuchon 213
as a collection of villages xxv
energy conservation 270
and Fukushima Daiichi 17–18; contingency evacuation plans 263
Ginza 101
Grand Hyatt Hotel 203
Hibiya Public Hall 77
Higashi Kitazawa 113
iodine-131 in water supply 275
Olympics: 1964 264; 2020 317
post-World War II 83–4
power shortages after the quake 15–16, 18
property prices 101
Shibuya 188
terrorist attack (1995) 104, 108–9
Tower 94
War Crimes Tribunal 81, 225, 227–8
World War II bombing 70, 77, 79, 304